Striving towards authentic integration in the PBL classroom

“The greatest impact on learning is the daily lived experiences of students in classrooms, and that is determined much more by how teachers teach than by what they teach.”

(Wiliam, Embedded Formative Assessment, 2002)

Being a part of the Science faculty at Parramatta Marist where a collaborative approach to interdisciplinary learning is the centre of the everyday life of the school, a constant focus to review and rebuild projects has always been paramount. Staff and students regularly work on rigorous PBL projects creating a PBL culture in the school. Utilising the expertise of teachers in the school, effective practices are shared through UnConferences, collegial discussions, Professional Learning Teams and ‘Pedagogy in Practice’, a collaborative approach of schools in the Westmead Education Precinct connecting and sharing ideas on current practices. Parramatta Marist has embarked on an Interdisciplinary approach in the PBL classroom since 2015, wherein methodology and language from more than one discipline is integrated in a PBL project to examine a theme, issue or solution to a problem. The Science projects integrated with Physical Education/Technological and Applied Studies (TAS)/ IST have a real world context where students engage in the teaching and learning working through rigorous Formative and Summative Tasks. Concept Maps, Concept Cartoons, Digital Story, Reflection Journals, Experimental Design using Design process, creating prototypes of end products and using IPad apps to present information are some examples of Formative Assessments. Students play the role of scientists, developers, advisors, or website designers to create products that simulate the real world. eg.The Nature Vs. Nurture debate, a Summative task for Year10 students allows students to express their arguments on the topic: “A person’s development is predisposed in his DNA”. Other examples include: ‘creating a sustainable school garden design’ integrated with TAS, Designing a Smart Home (Science & IST), Information Brochure on Impact of Chemical substances in Drugs (Science & PE), Development proposal for a Sustainable Community, to name a few. The STEM education approach integrates and analyses interdisciplinary connections within the Science, technology, engineering and Maths to develop solutions to challenges and real world problems.  Public exhibition of student work/ presentation ensures projects are authentic and nurturing the 4C’s – Communication, Collaboration, Critical thinking and Creativity.

“The greatest effects on student LEARNing occur when the TEACHers become LEARNers of their own TEACHing and when students become their own TEACHers.”

(Hattie, Visible Learning ,2009, p.22)

Striving towards authenticity teachers envisage to create projects where the work has a direct impact in the real world or is used in the real world. Team teacher meetings are mandatory while implementing projects to address issues within the project or student collaboration. Involving students in the development of projects/critical friends’ protocols will enhance student interest and participation. Project Calendars/deadlines can be made flexible whenever the need to elicit high quality student work is found to be compensated by unexpected events. Giving students and teachers the time to revise and reflect on their work will foster deeper learning to go beyond the 21^st Century Skills.

Mary Roche

Science & STEM Teacher

Parramatta Marist High

Westmead

NSW-2145

PMH & Gold Standard PBL

REVISION AND REFLECTION OF PBL PRACTICES HAS ALWAYS BEEN A KEY ASPECT IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING @ Parramatta Marist High, Westmead.  This blog post will review some chapters of the book "Setting the Standard for Project Based Learning ". (Lamer, J., Mergendoller, J., & Boss, S. Setting the Standard for Project Based Learning A Proven Approach to Rigorous Classroom Instruction. 2015)

What is not PBL?

According to John Larmer, A Proven Approach  to Rigorous CLassroom Instruction, project based learning is not the same as "doing a project.”  For example, projects that may have a viable place in the classroom, they are not and cannot be classed as PBL.  Larmer states that these projects are detrimental to students’ learning and should be avoided.   

PBL projects should have activities that are  TEAM BASED and not INDIVIDUAL.




Gold Standard PBL

• Design elements to include students' voice and choice, critical friends' process and allowing students to manage their work. Student involvement in the development of a project is critical to the success of a project.

• Multidisciplinary projects can be difficult to design as the main focus of the project should include the two disciplines in all activities.  Project design should ensure all elements of Gold Standard PBL is incorporated.
• Authenticity
• Student Voice and choice
• Reflection
• Critique and Revision
• Challenging problem
• Sustained inquiry
• Public product

Building knowledge, Understanding and Skills is key throughout the weeks of the project.  Guided student inquiry will depend on the levels of students and their understanding of the PBL process.

“Teachers can provide a combination of support for the inquiry process, using elements such as these:

• Lessons on how to find and evaluate sources of information

• Readings and other texts

• Research logs and note-taking guidesReader's workshops, literature circles, and other discussions of texts, to connect them to students' questions”
• Field work and contact with experts and mentors
• Structured opportunities for students to share information, compare notes, and discuss what they're learning and how it applies to the project”

Sustained inquiry can come from the activities embedded in the project and not just the list of "KNOWS & NEED TO KNOWS"

Decide on how to approach the process of finding answers to students' questions. For example, the list could be divided among student teams or "jigsawed" expert groups. Some questions might be answered through student research, whereas others might be answered by teacher-provided lessons.

Project activities should cater to accountability and flexibility of student work. Assessment of student work

• Assessment of exit tickets, quizzes, hand-ins etc.
• Creativity - teachers are not here to assign a grade but rather to guide improvement. Critical feedback required.

Point of a formative task is to shift the normal distribution - giving the opportunity to resubmit a task in much better quality.

3 things I learned:

- To focus on individual assessments to grade students after critical feedback.

- Allow students to resubmit work wherever necessary.

- More contact with experts in the topics relating to projects

How can we make Project Calendar’s flexible here at PMH??

Within the given time of 5 weeks for a project I find that there is not much of flexibility in Project Calendars. Better planning and incorporation of activities with limited formal assessments will enable teachers to complete projects within the timeframe of 5 weeks. Assessing students on Summative tasks is not really necessary if there are checkpoint assessments in different benchmarks. This way we will mark individual student work in teams and not give the same grades to all in the team.

The Blood Bank Project: Team Teaching

John Mergendoller Keynote - PBL World 2014

Effective planning is possible from the data gathered in the Literacy Continuum Tracker and it enables teachers to communicate clear Learning Intentions whether it is for a lesson or a Project.
The data can be used to create programs with differentiated instruction targeting specific learners.

Challenges in Assessing Writing - Aspect of Writing - Literacy continuum

I found assessing student writing and putting them into clusters very challenging as a specific student is put in a higher cluster by another Marker and creates an anomaly in the Clusters students are put in by Markers.  I find students' writing is related to a specific subject/content/knowledge of spelling strategies and hence they are grouped in different clusters. Alternatively, it demonstrates the student's ablility to extend his writing and thus justify grouping him in a higher cluster.

The Literacy continuum has to be an ongoing process throughout the year.

Literacy Continuum K-10

"Each KLA has specific Literacy requirements which students need to master to gain Literacy skills in that area of learning".

Some areas in KLA - Science where I find students often struggle:

 - spelling specific terminology related to a topic.

 - writing a Research Task and meeting the criteria (rubric)

FOCUS FOR THIS TERM:  

• To observe students' progress in their writing and structure PBL projects with a focus on Literacy skills which are requirements of the K-10 Literacy Continuum. 

• To map critical aspects of student writing describing key markers of expected student achievement.

• Monitor student progress for a specific year group and record it on a "Data Wall" in the staffroom.

Makerspaces, STEAM labs and fab labs are popping up in schools across the country. Makerspaces provide hands-on, creative ways to encourage students to design, experiment, build and invent as they deeply engage in science, engineering and tinkering.

Students at Marist High use the Fab Lab for STEM designing and creating ....Hands-on..great engagement. 

EFFECTIVE GROUP MANAGEMENT

^{What can be done to move the group along to the} 

^{goal of being a high functioning group?}

^{From the PLT on Group Management I gained a lot of insights on different ways of doing group norms and monitoring student progress.}

At PMH, Group contracts and Team management logs are used. However, regular checking and updating is definitely work in progress as said by students who have been interviewed lately.

• Group norms could vary depending on the EI of students

Check this out:

 http://www.edutopia.org/blog/key-effective-teams-schools-emotional-intelligence-elena-aguilar

• Assign a group leader
• Groups complete a group contract at the start of the project.
  Include a discussion database where students exchange ideas/questions
• Use Team Management log OR project pacing chart and review regularly
• Incorporate daily log for students who need reminders to stay on task
• Use Peer feedback as often as necessary.

Benchmarks in PBL projects : The Benchmark Focus is the Newtech Network approach in structuring PBL projects. At Parramatta Marist High, projects in Science are designed with a Benchmark Focus where students are to attain different levels of learning required to complete and work towards their End product.

- Benchmark Focus can be...
 Skills based where students gain necessary skills to complete their end product. eg. First hand investigations, Report writing, Experiment design etc.
Content based leading to skills where the activities can let students gain multiple skills.
eg. Ipad activities on specific content eg. Food chain/Food web

Varying Benchmark focus to suit the project and students can allow students to progress to Benchmarks at their own pace.  Allowing the freedom to choose Benchmarks will cater to differentiated instruction.

Benchmarks in Projects should serve as a Checkpoint and tell the learner and the teacher the level of learning attained.

GROUPING IN PBL

Purposeful grouping works best in my teaching experience in the PBL pedagogy.

 What it does best .....

-     -  differentiates instruction for diverse learning needs.

-       -Teachers can design lesson plans that sets up all students for success.

-       -Grouping students based on preferred learning styles will allow them present differently.

      Teachers will need to have a CLASS PROFILE  to enable them to create effective groups.

-        WE NEED TO KNOW THE LEARNING STYLES OF OUR STUDENTS 

I BELIEVE THAT KNOWING OUR STUDENTS AND HOW THEY LEARN IS PARAMOUNT TO ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE GROUPING LEADING TO EFFECTIVE LEARNING

The 2015 Professional Learning Teams at Parramatta Marist High aim at creating effective PBL processes for enhancement of student learning.

I have found PBL a great tool for student engagement and deeper learning.

The challenge is to allow students to take ownership of the learning by way of providing them with effective processes …….

How can we use the Knows/Need to knows to drive the teaching learning process????

What we do effectively…

-     -  checking prior learning and inquiry in Knows/Need to knows list

-      - Engage students in effective  teamwork

-     -  Allow students to use team management logs 

The following article by H.Weller  outlines the need for a discrepant event in teaching to grab the learner’s attention and initiate inquiry.

Why use a discrepant event in teaching- (H. Weller – EDW 471/SMS 491 – Spring 2008)

What do PBL'ers do with the N2K's generated by students?????? 

-     -  settting off and sustaining sparks of creativity is important  and hence the K/N2K's – have  to be revisited every second lesson

-      - Teachers will have to plan projects and anticipate K/N2k ‘s and create activities that will cater to a wide range of learners

-   - Incorporate N2K's arising from classroom activities, workshops(field trips, practical activities,tutorials)

-   - Revisit rubric and make changes if necessary based on feedback on formative tasks.

-      EMPHASIZE AND REEMPHASIZE THAT THE

NEED TO KNOW LIST IS A LIVING  DOCUMENT.

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